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The ancient port city of Poompuhar, recently in news for underwater archaeological surveys, was known during the Sangam era as

Consider the following statements regarding the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi-NCR.

1. Stage II of GRAP is invoked when air quality reaches the “very poor” category.
2. GRAP mandates reduction of industrial emissions in Delhi-NCR during Stage II.
3. Stage II measures include increasing public transport frequency and dust mitigation on roads.
4. GRAP is implemented by the Central Pollution Control Board.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the following institutions function under the Ministry of Earth Sciences?

1. Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
2. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)
3. National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)
4. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

The CHACE-2 payload onboard Chandrayaan-2 is used to study