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Which of the following factors contributed to the extremely heavy spells of rain during the 2025 southwest monsoon?

With reference to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), consider the following statements.

1. It was established in India during the British period.
2. The Bureau functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Law and Justice.

How many of the above statements are correct?
 

With reference to geoengineering methods studied for polar regions, consider the following statements.

1. Stratospheric Aerosol Injection aims to reflect incoming sunlight by dispersing aerosols into the upper atmosphere.
2. Sea curtains are designed to prevent warm ocean water from reaching ice sheets.
3. Ocean fertilisation involves removal of subglacial water to slow ice movement.

How many of the above statements are correct?
 

In the context of geoengineering, which of the following substances are being researched for use in Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI)?

1. Sulphur dioxide
2. Titanium dioxide
3. Calcium carbonate

Carbon black
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
 

With reference to dugong conservation in India, consider the following statements.

1. The Dugong Conservation Reserve in Tamil Nadu was notified under the Wildlife (Protection) Act in 2022.
2. It protects extensive seagrass meadows, which are the primary feeding grounds of dugongs.
3. The reserve was recently recognised by the IUCN for its ecological importance and restoration practices.

How many of the above statements are correct?