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 Consider the following factors that can lead to a fall in the retail inflation rate in an economy.

1. Base effect due to high inflation in the corresponding period of the previous year.
2. Reduction in indirect tax rates such as GST.
3. Decline in prices of food and fuel commodities.
4. Increase in government expenditure on welfare schemes.

How many of the above are likely to contribute to a decline in the inflation rate?

Consider the following statements regarding the Aravalli Range in India.

1. The Aravalli range is one of the youngest and residual mountain systems in the world.
2. It acts as a natural barrier preventing the spread of the Thar Desert eastward.
3. The range passes through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.
4. Large-scale deforestation and mining have reduced its ecological effectiveness.

How many of the above statements are correct?

In the context of environmental pollution, consider the following statements.

1. Chromium contamination is primarily associated with industrial processes such as leather tanning and electroplating.
2. Mercury contamination in water bodies often originates from thermal power plants and industrial effluents.
3. Both chromium and mercury are bioaccumulative toxins, capable of entering the human food chain.
4. The National Green Tribunal has the power to enforce environmental protection orders under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Which of the following minerals were included in the Union Cabinet’s decision (November 2025) on rationalisation of royalty rates?

1. Graphite
2. Caesium
3. Rubidium
4. Zirconium
5. Uranium

Select the correct answer using the code given below.